Post Position: A word used with a noun or a pronoun to show its position
1. Used after the noun or the pronoun
| Sindhi | کي 1.mp3"> |
اسان کي ڏي |
| Roman | khe | asaa`n khe d^e |
| Urdu | کو | ہم کو دو |
| English | to | Give to us |
| Sindhi | سان 2.mp3"> |
صبر سان هل |
| Roman | saa`n | sabura saa`n halu |
| Urdu | سے | صبر سے چلو |
| English | with | walk with patient |
| Sindhi | ۾ 3.mp3"> |
پاڻيءَ ۾ گل |
| Roman | me | paan~eea me`n gulu |
| Urdu | میں | پانی میں پھول |
| English | in | Flower in Water |
| Sindhi | تي 4.mp3"> |
وڻ تي پکي |
| Roman | te | van~a te pakhee |
| Urdu | پر | درخت پہ پرندہ |
| English | on/upon | Bird on Tree |
| Sindhi | جو 5.mp3"> |
پاڻيءَ جو گلاس |
| Roman | jo | paan~eea jo gilaasu |
| Urdu | کا | پانی کا گلاس |
| English | of | Glass of Water |
2. Formed by adding suffix to postposition
These are some ablatime postpositions which are formed by adding suffix ān~ to the simple postposition such as
| Sindhi | کان 1.mp3"> |
مون کان کاڌو وٺ |
| Roman | khaa`n | moo`n khaa`n khaadh~o vathu |
| Urdu | سے | مجھہ سے کھانا لو |
| English | from | Take Food From Me |
| Sindhi | مان 2.mp3"> |
دٻي مان ٻلي ڪڍ |
| Roman | maa`n | dab^e maa`n b^ilee kadhu |
| Urdu | میں سے | ڈبے میں سے بلی نکالو |
| English | from inside | Out Cat From Inside Box |
| Sindhi | تان 3.mp3"> |
ڀت تان ٽپو ڏي |
| Roman | taa`n | bhiti taa`n ṭapo d^e |
| Urdu | پر سے | دیوار پر سے جمپ دو |
| English | from upon | Jump From The Wall |
| Sindhi | سان 4.mp3"> |
ڀاءُ سان نه وڙهه |
| Roman | saa`n | bhaau saa`n na vir^hu |
| Urdu | کے ساتھ | بھائی سے مت لڑو |
| English | with | Don’t Fight to Brother |
3. When used after a noun the final short or long vowel changes
When a post position is used after a noun the final short or long vowel changes. All masculine nouns ending with short vowel ‘u’ change it to ‘a’, 'qalamu' becomes 'qalama' , 'kagazu' --> 'kagaza' , 'gharu' --> 'ghara'
| Post Position | تي | سان |
| Sindhi | ڪاغَذَ تي لِکُ 1.mp3"> |
قَلَمَ سان لِکُ 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | kāġaẕa te likhu | qalama sān˜ likhu |
| Urdu | کاغذ پر لکھو | قلم سے لکھو |
| English | Write on a paper | Write with a pen |
| سان - تي | ۾ | |
| Sindhi | قَلَمَ سان ڪاغَذَ تي لِکُ 3.mp3"> |
ارشد گهَرَ ۾ آهي 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | qalama sān˜ kāġaẕa te likhu | arshadu ghara men˜ āhe |
| Urdu | قلم سے کاغذ پہ لکھو | ارشد گھر میں ہے |
| English | Write with (a) pen on (a) paper | Arshad is at home |
4. Nouns ending with ‘u’ change the final vowel to ‘a’ with addition of a postposition
This proves that the nouns ending with ‘u’ change the final vowel to ‘a’ with addition of a postposition after the nouns (the same change had accured when its number was changed from singular to plural.
| Masculine Singular ‘uthu’ | Masculine Singular ‘matu” | |
| Sindhi | اُٺَ تي چَڙهُه 1.mp3"> |
مٽَ مان پاڻِي پِيءُ 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | uṭha te chaṛhu | maṭa mān˜ pāṇī pīu |
| Urdu | اونٹ پر چڑھو | مٹکے سے پانی پیئو |
| English | Mount on the camel | Drink water from (the) pitcher |
5. Nouns ending with vowel o change it to 'e'
| Masculine Singular ‘ghoṛo’ | Masculine Singular ‘lifᾱfo’ | |
| Sindhi | گهوڙي کي نه مارِ 1.mp3"> |
خَطُ لِفافي ۾ آهي 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | ghoṛe khe na mār | ḵẖatu lifāfe men˜ āhe |
| Urdu | گھوڑے کو نہ مارو | خط لفافے میں ہے |
| English | Don’t hit the horse | (the) letter is in (the) envelope |
| Masculine Singular ‘ṣofo’ | ||
| Sindhi | حَسَنُ صوفي تي ويٺو آهي 3.mp3"> |
|
| Roman | hasanu sofe te veṭho āhe | |
| Urdu | حسن صوفے پر بیٹھا ہے | |
| English | hasan is sitting on (a) sofa |
6. Postpositions used after feminine singular nouns
The Postpositions used after feminine singular nouns ending in ‘a’ or ‘i’ do not cause any change in the nominative case but if the final vowel is a long vowel ī / (ee) then an additional vowel is added in it.
| Sindhi | عَورَت جِي عِزَتَ ڪَرِ 1.mp3"> |
ڇِتِ تي نه چَڙُهه 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | a`orata jī izata karyo | chhiti te na chaṛhu |
| Urdu | عورت کی عزت کرو | چھت پر نہ چڑھو |
| English | Respect woman | Don’t Climb to the roof |
| Sindhi | ٻِلِيءَ کي نه مارِ 3.mp3"> |
اَمِيءَ جِي عِزَتَ ڪَرِيو 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | ḇilīa khe na māri | amīa jī izata kari |
| Urdu | بلی کو نہ مارو | امی کی عزت کرو |
| English | Don’t hit the cat | Respect your mother |
| Sindhi | دَرِيءَ کي کولِ 5.mp3"> |
اَديءَ جو نالو آمنه آهي 6.mp3"> |
| Roman | darīa khe kholi | adīa jo nālo āmnā āhe |
| Urdu | کھڑکی کو کھولو | باجی کا نام آمنہ ہے |
| English | Open the window | Sister’s name is Amna |
7. Masculine nouns ending with a long vowel 'ī'/ ‘ee’
The rule will be same with masculine nouns ending with a long vowel 'ī'/ ‘ee’
| Sindhi | هاٿيءَ جو پيرُ 1.mp3"> |
مالِهيءَ جو گهَرُ 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | hāthīa jo peru | mālhīa jo gharu |
| Urdu | ہاتھی کا پیر | مالی کا گھر |
| English | Foot of elephant | Home of (the) farmer |
| Sindhi | هُو ڪراچيءَ ڏانهُن ويو آهي 3.mp3"> |
مالِهيءَ جو پُٽُ آيو آهي 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | hū karachīa ḏān˜hun˜ vayo āhe | mālhīa jo puṭu āyo āhe |
| Urdu | وہ کراچی کی طرف گیا ہے | مالھی کا بیٹآ آیا ہے |
| English | He has gone to Karachi | Gardners son has come |
| Sindhi | هو پنڊيءَ کان آيو آهي 5.mp3"> |
|
| Roman | hū pinḍīa khān˜ āyo āhe | |
| Urdu | وہ پنڈی سے آیا ہے | |
| English | He has come from Pindi |
8. Words which have a long vowel at the end, add a short vowel ‘a’
All such words which have a long vowel at the end, add a short vowel ‘a’ when followed by a postposition
| Sindhi | گُلُوءَ جو ڀاءٌ 1.mp3"> |
ماڻُهوءَ جو ڀاڳُ 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | gulūa jo bhau | māṇhun˜a jo bhāg̠u |
| Urdu | گُلو کا بھائی | آدمی کی قسمت |
| English | Guloo’s brother | Man’s luck |
9. Postpositions (Ablative)
| Sindhi | کان | مون کان کاڌو وٺ 1.mp3"> |
| Roman | khān˜ | mūn˜ khān˜ khādho vaṭhu |
| Urdu | سے | مجھہ سے کھانا لو |
| English | from | Take Food From Me |
| Sindhi | مان | دٻي مان ٻلي ڪڍ 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | mān˜ | daḇe mān˜ ḇilī kaḍhu |
| Urdu | میں سے | ڈبے میں سے بلی نکالو |
| English | from inside | Out Cat From Inside Box |
| Sindhi | تان | ڀت تان ٽپو ڏي 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | tān˜ | bhiti tān ṭapo ḏe |
| Urdu | پر سے | دیوار پر سے جمپ دو |
| English | from upon | Jump From The Wall |
| Sindhi | سان | ڀاءُ سان نه وڙهه 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | sān˜ | bhāu sān na viṛhu |
| Urdu | کے ساتھ | بھائی سے مت لڑو |
| English | with | Don’t Fight to Brother |
10. Addition of short vowel 'a' in the noun with the use of postposition
| Postposition | سان | کان |
| Sindhi | صبر سان ويهه 1.mp3"> |
ڪراچيءَ کان حيدرآباد 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | Saburra sān˜ vehu | Karachīa khān˜ ḥedarābad |
| Urdu | صبر سے بیٹھو | کراچی سے حیدرآباد |
| English | Sit with Patience | From Karachi to Hyderabad |
| Postposition | تان | مان |
| Sindhi | ڪرسيءَ تان اٿ 3.mp3"> |
گهر مان نڪر 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | Kursīa tān˜ uthu | Ghara mān˜ nikru |
| Urdu | کرسی سے اٹھو | گھر سے نکلو |
| English | Rise from the Chair | Get Out of the House |
11. Addition of short vowel ‘a’ with the use of the postposition
| Postposition | کي | ۾ |
| Sindhi | ارشدَ کي ڪتاب ڏي 1.mp3"> |
ڪتاب شيلفَ ۾ آهي 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | arshada khe kitābu ḏe | kiṭābu shelf men˜ āhe |
| Urdu | ارشد کو کتاب دو | کتاب شیلف میں ہے |
| English | Give (the) book to Arshad | Book is in (the) Shelf |
| Postposition | تي | جو |
| Sindhi | قَلمُ ميزَ تي رَکُ 3.mp3"> |
امجد هنَ اسڪُولَ جو شاگردُ آهي 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | qalam meza te rakhu | amjad hina iskūla jo shagird āhe |
| Urdu | قلم میز پر رکھ | امجد اس اسکول کا شاگرد ہے |
| English | put (the) pen on (the) table | Amjad is student of this School |
| Postposition | جِي | |
| Sindhi | رابعه هن ڪلاسَ جي شاگردياڻي آهي 5.mp3"> |
|
| Roman | rābiyā hina kilāsa jī shāgrdyāṇī āhe | |
| Urdu | رابعہ اس کلاس کی طالبہ ہے | |
| English | Rabia is student of this class |
12. The suffix آن used in Postpositions.
The suffix آن used in these postpositions can be attached certain words instead of these post positions giving the meaning of ‘From’ (مان، تان، کان، سان).
| Postposition | کان | تان |
| Sindhi | ڪراچيءَ کان حيدرآباد اچ 1.mp3"> |
ميزَ تان ڪتابَ کڻ 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | karāchīa khān ḥaedarābad achu | maeza tān kiṭābu khāṇu |
| Urdu | کراچی سے حیدرآباد آئو | ميز سے کتاب اٹھائو |
| English | Come from Karachi to Hyderabad | Pick (the) book from (the) table |
| Postposition | کان ٻاهر | آن / -- کان |
| Sindhi | گهر کان ٻاهر نڪرو 3.mp3"> |
اسما گهران آئي آهي 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | ghara khān˜ ḇāhar nikro | asmān˜ gharān āī āhe |
| Urdu | گھر سے باہر نکلو | اسماء گھر سے آئی ہے |
| English | Go out of (the) house | Asma has come from home |
| Postposition | آن / -- کان | آن / -- کان |
| Sindhi | اسمان ڳوٺان آئي آهي 5.mp3"> |
اسما اندران آئي آهي 6.mp3"> |
| Roman | asmān g̠oṭhān˜ āī āhe | asmān āndrān˜ āī āhe |
| Urdu | اسماء گائوں سے آئی ہے | اسماء اندر سے آئی ہے |
| English | Asma has come from village | Asma has come from inside |
| Postposition | آن / -- کان | سان |
| Sindhi | اسمان ٻاهران آئي آهي 7.mp3"> |
رشيدَ جَميلا سان وڃ 8.mp3"> |
| Roman | asmān˜ ḇāhirān˜ āī āhe | rashīda jamīlā sān˜ vaj͂u |
| Urdu | اسماء باہر سے آئی ہے | رشید جمیلا کے ساتھہ جائو |
| English | Asma has come from outside | Rashid, go with Jamila |
13. When the word is in a vocative case
When the word is in a vocative case or if a name (Proper or common noun) is called the final vowel is changed in a similar way ie )‘u’( to (‘a’( and (‘O’) to (‘aa/ᾱ’) feminine noun do not change their vowels:
| Postposition | (u) to (a) | (u) to (a) |
| Sindhi | سَليمَ! اَچُ ڪَمُ ڪَرِيُون 1.mp3"> |
شاهِدَ! هِتي ويهُه 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | salīma ach kam karyūn˜ | shahida āu hite vehu |
| Urdu | سَلِيم آئو کام کریں | شاہد یہان بیٹھو |
| English | Salim! Come let’s work | Shahid! you sit here |
| Postposition | (u) to (a) | (u) to (a) |
| Sindhi | شَهمِيرَ! تُون وَڃُ 3.mp3"> |
امجَدَ! اُٿِي وَڃُ 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | shahmīra tūn˜ vanju | amjada uthī vaj̠u |
| Urdu | شہمیر تم جائو | امجد اٹھہ جائو |
| English | Shahmir! you go. | Amjad! stand up |
| Postposition | (O) to (aa/ᾱ) | |
| Sindhi | ڇوڪرا! ڇا پيو ڪرين؟ 5.mp3"> |
|
| Roman | chhokrā chhā payo kārīn˜? | |
| Urdu | لڑکے کیا کر رہے ہو؟ | |
| English | O boy! what are you doing? |
14. Some of the most commonly used Personal Pronouns of Sindhi
Some of the most commonly used Personal Pronouns of Sindhi Are:اُ) - ‘u’( to (اَ- ‘a’( and (او – O) to (آ – aa/ᾱ) feminine noun do not change their vowels:
| First Person Both Masculine and FeminineSingular | First Person Both Masculine and Feminine Plural | |
| Sindhi | آءٌ / مُون 1.mp3"> |
اَسِين / اسان 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | āun˜ / mūn˜ | asīn˜ / asān˜ |
| Urdu | میں | ہم |
| English | I | We |
| Second Person Both Masculine and Feminine Singular | Second Person Both Masculine and Feminine Plural | |
| Sindhi | تُون / تو 3.mp3"> |
تَوهِين / توهان 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | tūn˜ / to | tavhīn˜ / tavhān˜ |
| Urdu | تو / تم | آپ |
| English | You | You |
| Third Person Masculine Singular | Third Person Masculine Singular | |
| Sindhi | هِي / هِنَ 5.mp3"> |
هُو / هُنَ 6.mp3"> |
| Roman | hī / hina | hū / huna |
| Urdu | یہ | وہ |
| English | He/it/this | He/it/that |
| Third Person Feminine Singular | Third Person Feminine Singular | |
| Sindhi | هِيءَ / هِنَ 7.mp3"> |
هُوءَ / هِنَ 8.mp3"> |
| Roman | hīa / hina | hūa / hina |
| Urdu | یہ | وه |
| English | She / it / this | She / it / that |
| Third Person Both masculine and feminine Plural | Third Person Both masculine and feminine Plural | |
| Sindhi | هِي / هِنَنِ 9.mp3"> |
هُو / هُنَنَ 10.mp3"> |
| Roman | hī / hinan | hū / hunan |
| Urdu | یہ | وه |
| English | They / these | They / those |
15. Third person pronouns as demonstrative and indicative pronouns
These forms are also used for third person pronouns as demonstrative and indicative pronouns.
| Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | |
| Sindhi | اِهو/اِنَ and اُهو / اُنَ 1.mp3"> |
اِها / اِنَ and اُها / اُنَ 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | uho/una and iho / ina | uha / una and iha /ina |
| Urdu | یہ اور وہ | یہ اور وہ |
| English | This and that | This and that |
| Plural | ||
| Sindhi | اِهي / اُنهن and اُهي / اُنهن 3.mp3"> |
|
| Roman | uhe / unhan and ihe inhan | |
| Urdu | یہ اور وہ | |
| English | These and those |
