1. Changing the verbs in the past tense
The rule for changing the verbs in the past tense is different for transitive and intransitive verbs in Sindhi. The Pronouns are also different for the two.
| Sindhi | مان خط لکان ٿو 1.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n khhat~u likha`n th~o |
| Urdu | میں خط لکھتا ہوں |
| English | I write a letter |
| Sindhi | مون خط لکيو 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | moo`n khhat~u likhiyo |
| Urdu | میں نے خط لکھا |
| English | I wrote a letter |
| Sindhi | مان پاڻي پيئان ٿو 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n paan~ee piyaa`n th~o |
| Urdu | میں پانی پیتا ہوں |
| English | I drink water |
| Sindhi | مون پاڻي پيتو 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | moo`n paan~ee peet~o |
| Urdu | میں نے پانی پیا |
| English | I drank water |
2. Masculine Singular
In Sindhi with the transitive verbs first person pronoun 'maa`n/مان' becomes 'moo`n مون' in the past tense, Second person pronoun 't~oo`n تون' becomes 'to تو' and Third person pronoun 'he هي' , 'hoo هو', 'he-a هيءَ' , 'hooa هوءَ' become 'hina هِنَ', 'huna هُنَ'
The verb changes according to the gender and number or its object in Sindhi. Let us compare the Sentences Masculine Singular and Feminine Singular Object. Since the Object –a`nbuاَنبُ (mango) is masculine in Sindhi the verb is khaadh~o/کاڌو(Food) but maaneeمانِي(ḇread) is feminine. The verb is khaadhee کاڌي (ate), Similar is the case with ‘likhyo’ لِکِيو and likhee لِکِي (Wrote), and maariyo مارِيو and maare مارِي (Killed). As khat~u خَطُ(Letter) is masculine where as chithee چِٺِي (chit) is Feminine. Lion (شِينهُن) is Masculine and Cat (ٻِلِي) is Feminine.
| Sindhi | تو خَطُ لکيو 1.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~o khhat~u likhiyo |
| Urdu | تم نے خط لکھا |
| English | You wrote a letter |
| Sindhi | هن صُوفُ کاڌو 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | hina soofu khaadh~o |
| Urdu | اس نے سیب کھایا |
| English | He ate (an) apple |
| Sindhi | مون پنھنجو سَبَقُ پڙهيو 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | moo`n pahinjo sabaku par^hiyo |
| Urdu | میں نے اپنا سبق پڑھا |
| English | I read my lesson |
| Sindhi | تو پنھنجو سَبَقُ پَڙِهِيو 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~o pahinjo sabaku |
| Urdu | تم نے اپنا سبق پڑھا |
| English | You read your lesson |
| Sindhi | هن پنھنجو سَبَقُ پڙهيو 5.mp3"> |
| Roman | hina pahinjo sabaku par^hiyo |
| Urdu | اس نے اپنا سبق پڑھا |
| English | He read his lesson |
| Sindhi | مون پاڻِي پيتو 6.mp3"> |
| Roman | moo`n paan~ee peet~o |
| Urdu | میں نے پانی پیا |
| English | I drink water |
| Sindhi | تو کاڌو کاڌو 7.mp3"> |
| Roman | to khaadh~o khaadh~o |
| Urdu | تم نے کھانا کھایا |
| English | You ate food |
| Sindhi | هُنَ چَنڊُ ڏِٺو 8.mp3"> |
| Roman | huncha`ndu d^itho |
| Urdu | اس نے چاند دیکھا |
| English | He saw moon |
| Sindhi | مُون انب کاڌو 9.mp3"> |
| Roman | moo`n a`nbu khaadh~o |
| Urdu | مُون انب کاڌو |
| English | I ate a mango |
| Sindhi | تو جَهازُ ڏِٺو 10.mp3"> |
| Roman | to jahaazu d^itho |
| Urdu | تو جَهازُ ڏِٺو |
| English | You saw an aeroplane |
| Sindhi | هِنَ شِينهُن ماريو 11.mp3"> |
| Roman | hina shee`nh`u`n maariyo |
| Urdu | هِنَ شِينهُن ماريو |
| English | He killed (a) Lion |
3. Past tense with Feminine Plural Object
In Plural also if the Object is feminine, the Verb also Conforms to it.
The verb changes according to the gender and number or its object in Sindhi. Let us compare the Sentences Masculine Singular and Feminine Singular Object. Since the Object –a`nbuاَنبُ (mango) is masculine in Sindhi the verb is khaadh~o/کاڌو(Food) but maanee مانِي(ḇread) is feminine. The verb is khaadh~ee کاڌي (ate), Similar is the case with ‘likhyo’ لِکِيو and likhee لِکِي (Wrote), and maariyo مارِيو and maareeمارِي (Killed). As khhatu خَطُ(Letter) is masculine where as chithee چِٺِي (chit) is Feminine. Lion (شِينهُن) is Masculine and Cat (ٻِلِي) is feminine therefore the verbs will confirm accordingly.
| Sindhi | اسان ٻَه مانِيُون کاڌِيُون 1.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n b^a maaniyoo`n khaadh~iyoo`n |
| Urdu | ہم نے دو روٹیان کھائیں |
| English | We ate two breads |
| Sindhi | توهان ڪيئِي چِٺِيُون لِکِيُون 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~vhaa`n ke-ee chithiyoo`n likhiyoo`n |
| Urdu | آپ نے کئی چھٹیان لکھیں |
| English | You wrote many chits |
| Sindhi | هِنَنِ چارِ ٻِلِيُون مارِيُون 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | hinan chaar b^iliyoo`n maariyoo`n |
| Urdu | انہوں نے چار بلیان ماریں |
| English | They killed four cats |
4. Past tense with Masculine plural
when the Subject is masculine plural, the verb remains the same as singular
| Sindhi | اسان اَنبُ کاڌو 1.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n a`nbu khaadh~o |
| Urdu | ہم نے آم کھایا |
| English | We ate (a) mango |
| Sindhi | توهان خَطُ لِکِيو 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avhaa`n khhat~u likhiyo |
| Urdu | آپ نے خط لکھا |
| English | You wrote (a) letter |
| Sindhi | هِنَنِ شِينهُن مارِيو 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | hinan shee`nhu`n maariyo |
| Urdu | انہوں نے شیر مارا |
| English | They killed (a) lion |
5. When the Object is Masculine Plural
When the Object is Masculine Plural, the verb conforms to it
| Sindhi | اسان ٻَه اَنبَ کاڌا 1.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n b^a a`nba khaadh~aa |
| Urdu | ہم نے دو آم کھائے |
| English | We ate two mangoes |
| Sindhi | توهان پنج خَطَ لِکِيا 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~vhaa`n panja khhat~a likhiyaa |
| Urdu | آپ نے کئی خط لٰکھے |
| English | You wrote five letters |
| Sindhi | هِنَنِ ٻه شِينهَن ماريا 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | hinan b^a shee`nha`n maariyaa |
| Urdu | انہوں نے دو شیر مارے |
| English | The killed two lions |
6. When the Object is Plural and Feminine
| Sindhi | اسان چار مانِيون کاڌِيُون 1.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n chaar maaniyoo`n khaadh~iyoo`n |
| Urdu | ہم نے چار روٹیان کھائیں |
| English | We ate four breads |
| Sindhi | توهان ٻَه چِٺِيُون لِکِيُون 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~vhaah`n b^a chithiyoo`n likhiyoo`n |
| Urdu | آپ نے دو چٹھیان لکھیں |
| English | You wrote two chits |
| Sindhi | هِنَنِ ٽي ٻِلِيُون مارِيُون 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | hinan te b^iliyoo`n maariyoo`n |
| Urdu | انہوں نے تین بلیان ماریں |
| English | They killed three cats |
7. With the gender and number of the object
Let us Compare Conforming of the verb with the gender and number of the object
| Singular Masculine: : | |
| Sindhi | اسان هڪ انب کاڌو 1-1.mp3"> |
| Roman | Asān˜ hiku an˜bu khadho |
| Urdu | ہم نے ایک آم کھایا |
| English | We ate one mango |
| Plural Masculine: : | |
| Sindhi | اسان ٻه انب کاڌا 1-2.mp3"> |
| Roman | Asān˜ ḇa an˜ba khadha |
| Urdu | ہم نے دو آم کھائے |
| English | We ate two mangoes |
| Singular Feminine: : | |
| Sindhi | اسان هِڪَ مانِي کاڌِي 1-3.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n hika maani khaadh~ee |
| Urdu | ہم نے ایک روٹی کھائی |
| English | We ate one bread |
| Plural Feminine: : | |
| Sindhi | اسان چارِ مانِيُون کاڌِيُون 1-4.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n chaar maaniyoo`n khaadh~iyoo`n |
| Urdu | ہم نے چار روٹیان کھائین |
| English | We ate four breads |
| Singular Masculine: : | |
| Sindhi | توهان هڪ شِينهُن مارِيو 2-1.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avhaa`n hiku shee`nhu`n maariyo |
| Urdu | آپ نے ایک شیر مارا |
| English | You killed one lion |
| Plural Masculine: : | |
| Sindhi | توهان ٻَه شِينهَن مارِيا 2-2.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avhaa`n b^a shee`nha`n maariyaa |
| Urdu | آپ نے دو شیر مارے |
| English | You killed two lions |
| Singular Feminine: : | |
| Sindhi | توهان هِڪَ ٻِلِي مارِي 2-3.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avhaa`n hika b^ilee maaree |
| Urdu | آپ نے ایک بلی ماری |
| English | You killed one cat |
| Plural Feminine: : | |
| Sindhi | توهان ٻَه ٻِلِيُون مارِيُون 2-4.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avhaa`n b^a b^iliyoo`n maariyoo`n |
| Urdu | آپ نے دو بلیان مارین |
| English | You killed two cats |
| Singular Masculine: : | |
| Sindhi | هِنَنِ هِڪُ خَطُ لِکِيو 3-1.mp3"> |
| Roman | hinan hiku khhat~u likhiyo |
| Urdu | انہوں نے ایک خط لکھا |
| English | They wrote one letter |
| Plural Masculine: : | |
| Sindhi | هِنَنِ پَنجَ خَطَ لِکِيا 3-2.mp3"> |
| Roman | hinan panja khhat~a likhiyaa |
| Urdu | انہوں نے پانچ خط لکھے |
| English | They wrote five letters |
| Singular Feminine: : | |
| Sindhi | هِنَنِ هِڪَ چِٺِي لِکِي 3-3.mp3"> |
| Roman | hinan hiku chithee likhee |
| Urdu | انہوں نے ایک چٹھی لکھی |
| English | The wrote a chit |
| Plural Feminine: : | |
| Sindhi | هِنَنِ پَنجَ چِٺِيُون لِکِيُون 3-4.mp3"> |
| Roman | hinan panja chithiyoo`n likhiyoo`n |
| Urdu | انہوں نے پانچ چٹھیاں لکھیں |
| English | The wrote five chits |
8. First person pronoun
| Pronominal suffix may be su سُ or mu مُ for first person pronoun (sing) | |
| Sindhi | مان آيُسِ / آيُمِ 1.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n aayus/ aayam |
| Urdu | میں آیا |
| English | I came |
| Pronominal suffix may be su سُ or mu مُ for first person pronoun (sing) | |
| Sindhi | مان وَيُسِ / وَيُمِ 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n vayus/ vayam |
| Urdu | میں گیا |
| English | I went |
| Pronominal suffix may be su سُ or mu مُ for first person pronoun (sing) | |
| Sindhi | مان ڊوڙِيُسِ / ڊوڙِيُمِ 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n doryus/ doriyam |
| Urdu | میں دوڑا |
| English | I ran |
| Pronominal suffix for second person is en~/اين added to the verb (sing) | |
| Sindhi | تُون آئين 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~oo`n aae`n |
| Urdu | تم آئے |
| English | You came |
| Pronominal suffix for second person is e`n/اين added to the verb (sing) | |
| Sindhi | تُون وئين 5.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~oo`n vie`n |
| Urdu | تم گئے |
| English | You Went |
| Pronominal suffix for second person is en~/اين added to the verb (sing) | |
| Sindhi | تُون ڊوڙئين 6.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~oo`n dor^ie`n |
| Urdu | تم دوڑے |
| English | You Ran |
| Pronominal suffix for third person is O/او Added to the verb (sing) | |
| Sindhi | هُو آيو 7.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo aayo |
| Urdu | وہ آیا |
| English | He came |
| Pronominal suffix for third person is O/او Added to the verb (sing) | |
| Sindhi | هُو وِيو 8.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo vayo |
| Urdu | وہ گیا |
| English | He went |
| Pronominal suffix for third person is O/او Added to the verb (sing) | |
| Sindhi | هُو ڊوڙِيو 9.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo dor^iiyo |
| Urdu | وہ دوڑا |
| English | He ran |
| The Pronominal suffix for first person plural is yaa see`n/سین | |
| Sindhi | اسان آياسين 10.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n aayaasee`n |
| Urdu | ہم آئے |
| English | We came |
| The Pronominal suffix for first person plural is yaa see`n/سین | |
| Sindhi | اسان وياسين 11.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n vayaasee`n |
| Urdu | ہم گئے |
| English | We went |
| The Pronominal suffix for first person plural is yaa see`n/سین | |
| Sindhi | اسان ڊوڙياسين 12.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n dor^yaasee`n |
| Urdu | ہم دوڑے |
| English | We ran |
| The pronominal suffix for second person plural is aa/آ | |
| Sindhi | توهان آيا 13.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avhaa`n aayaa |
| Urdu | آپ آئے |
| English | You came |
| The pronominal suffix for second person plural is aa/آ | |
| Sindhi | توهان ويا 14.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~vha`n vayaa |
| Urdu | آپ گئے |
| English | You went |
| The pronominal suffix for second person plural is aa/آ | |
| Sindhi | توهان ڊوڙيا 15.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avhaa`n dor^iyaa |
| Urdu | آپ دوڑے |
| English | You ran |
| The pronominal suffix for third person plural is aa/ آ | |
| Sindhi | هو آيا 16.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo aayaa |
| Urdu | وہ آئے |
| English | They came |
| The pronominal suffix for third person plural is aa/ آ | |
| Sindhi | هو ويا 17.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo vayaa |
| Urdu | وہ گئے |
| English | They went |
| The pronominal suffix for third person plural is aa/ آ | |
| Sindhi | هو ڊوڙيا 18.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo dor^iyaa |
| Urdu | وہ دوڑے |
| English | They ran |
9. More Past Tense
| Sindhi | مان اسڪول مان آيس 1.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n iskoola maa`n aayus |
| Urdu | میں اسکول سے آیا |
| English | We came from school |
| Sindhi | اسان اسڪول مان آياسين 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n iskoola maa`n aayaasee`n |
| Urdu | ہم اسکول سے آئے |
| English | We came from school |
| Sindhi | تون ڪراچيءَ وئين 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | too`n karaachee vie~n |
| Urdu | تم کراچی گئے |
| English | You went to karachi |
| Sindhi | توهان ڪراچيءَ ويا 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avha`n karaachee vayaa |
| Urdu | آپ کراچی گئے |
| English | You went to Karachi |
| Sindhi | هو تيز ڊوڙيو 5.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo taz dor^iyo |
| Urdu | وہ تیز دوڑا |
| English | He ran fast |
| Sindhi | هو تيز ڊوڙيا 7.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo taz dor^iyaa |
| Urdu | وہ تیز دوڑے |
| English | They ran fast |
| Sindhi | مان دير سان گهر ويس 8.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n der saa`n ghari vayus |
| Urdu | میں دیر سے گھر گیا |
| English | I went home late |
| Sindhi | اسان دير سان گهر ويا سين 9.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n der saa`n ghar vayaasee`n |
| Urdu | ہم دیر سے گھر گئے |
| English | We went home late |
| Sindhi | تون پيادل هلئين 10.mp3"> |
| Roman | too`n piyaadal hale`n |
| Urdu | تم پیدل چلے |
| English | You walked on foot |
| Sindhi | توهان پيادل هليا 11.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avhaa`n piyaadal haliyaa |
| Urdu | آپ پیدل چلے |
| English | You walked on foot (plu) |
| Sindhi | هو سکر ويو 12.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo sakhar vayo |
| Urdu | وہ سکھر گیا |
| English | He went to Sukkar |
| Sindhi | هو سکر ويا 13.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo sakhar vayaa |
| Urdu | وہ سکھر گئے |
| English | They went to sukkur |
10. Compare Feminine and Masculine Singular
| Feminine | Masculine | |
| Sindhi | مان دير سان گھران آيَسِ 1.mp3"> |
مان دير سان گھرِ آيُسِ 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n der saa`n gharaa`n aayas | maa`n der saa`n ghari aaiyas |
| Urdu | میں دیر سے گھر آئی | میں دیر سے گھر آیا |
| English | I came late from home | I came late to home |
| Sindhi | مان اسڪول وَيَسِ 3.mp3"> |
مان اسڪول وَيُسِ 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n iskool vayasi | maa`n iskool vayus |
| Urdu | میں اسکول گئی | میں اسکول گیا |
| English | I went to school | I went to school |
11. Compare Feminine and Masculine Plural
| Feminine | Masculine | |
| Sindhi | اسان دير سان گهر آيون سين 1.mp3"> |
اسان دير سان گهر آياسين 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n der saa`n ghar aayoo`n see`n | asaa`n der saa`n ghar aayaasee`n |
| Urdu | ہم دیر سے اسکول آئیں | ہم دیر سے گھر آئے |
| English | We came home late | We came home late |
| Sindhi | اسان اسڪول ويونسين 2.mp3"> |
اسان اسڪول وياسين 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n iskool vayoo`nsee`n | asaa`n iskool vayaasee`n |
| Urdu | ہم اسکول گئیں | ہم اسکول گئے |
| English | We went to school | We went to school |
12. More Past Tense
| 1st Person, masc، sing | |
| Sindhi | مان تيز ڊوڙيُسُ 1.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n tez dor^yus |
| Urdu | میں تیز دوڑا |
| English | I ran fast |
| 1st Person, fem, sing | |
| Sindhi | مان تيز ڊوڙيَسِ 2.mp3"> |
| Roman | maa`n tez dor^iyas |
| Urdu | میں تیز دوڑی |
| English | I ran fast |
| 1st Person, masc, plu | |
| Sindhi | اسان تيز ڊوڙياسين 3.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n tez doriyaasee`n |
| Urdu | ہم تیز دوڑے |
| English | We ran fast |
| 1st Person, fem, plu | |
| Sindhi | اسان تيز ڊوڙيون سين 4.mp3"> |
| Roman | asaa`n tez dor^iyo see`n |
| Urdu | ہم تیز دوڑیں |
| English | We ran fast |
| 1st Person, mas, sing | |
| Sindhi | تون ڪالهه آئين 5.mp3"> |
| Roman | too`n kaalah aae`n |
| Urdu | تم کل آئے |
| English | You came yesterday |
| 2nd Person, fem, sing | |
| Sindhi | تون ڪالهه آئينءَ 6.mp3"> |
| Roman | too`n kaalah aai`na |
| Urdu | تم کل آئیں |
| English | You came yesterday |
| 2nd Person, mas, plu | |
| Sindhi | توهان ڪالهه آيا 7.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avhaa`n kaalah aaya |
| Urdu | آپ کل آئے |
| English | You came yesterday |
| 2nd Person, fem, plu | |
| Sindhi | توهان ڪالهه آيون 8.mp3"> |
| Roman | t~avhaa`n kaalah aayoo`n |
| Urdu | آپ کل آئیں |
| English | You came yesterday |
| 3rd Person, masc, sing | |
| Sindhi | هو گهر ويو 9.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo ghari vayo |
| Urdu | وہ گھر گیا |
| English | He went home |
| 3rd Person, fem, sing | |
| Sindhi | هوءَ گھر وئي 10.mp3"> |
| Roman | hooa ghari vaee |
| Urdu | وہ گھر گئی |
| English | She went home |
| 3rd Person, masc, plu | |
| Sindhi | هو گهر ويا 11.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo ghari vayaa |
| Urdu | وہ گھر گئے |
| English | They went home |
| 3rd Person, fem, plu | |
| Sindhi | هو گهر ويون 12.mp3"> |
| Roman | hoo ghari vayoo`n |
| Urdu | وہ گھر گئیں |
| English | They went home |
